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L&YR Class 32

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L&YR Class 32
Type and origin
Power typeSteam
DesignerG. Hughes
BuilderHorwich Works
Order numberLot 59
Serial number1004–1008
Build date1908[1]
Total produced5
Specifications
Configuration:
 • Whyte0-8-2T
 • UICD1′ n2tG
Gauge4 ft 8+12 in (1,435 mm)
Driver dia.4 ft 6 in (1.372 m)[2]
Trailing dia.3 ft 8 in (1.118 m)
Loco weight84.00 long tons (85.35 t)
Fuel typeCoal
Fuel capacity3.00 long tons (3.05 t)
Water cap.2,000 imp gal (9,100 L; 2,400 US gal)
Boiler pressure180 lbf/in2 (1.24 MPa)[2]
Heating surface2,198 sq ft (204.2 m2)
CylindersTwo, inside
Cylinder size21+12 in × 26 in (546 mm × 660 mm)[2]
Valve gearJoy
Train brakesVacuum
Performance figures
Tractive effort34,052 lbf (151.5 kN)
Career
Operators
ClassL&YR: 32
Power classLMS: 6F
Numbers
  • L&YR 1501–11505
  • LMS: 11800–11804[1]
NicknamesLittle Egberts
Withdrawn1927–1929
DispositionAll scrapped

The Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway Class 32 was a small class of 0-8-2T steam locomotives, intended for heavy shunting and banking duties.[3]

Overview

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From 1903 with the introduction of Henry Ivatt's Class L1,[2] several of the UK railway companies introduced extremely large tank engines that were eight- or even ten-coupled,[i] with few carrying axles, so as to achieve the maximum adhesive weight over their driving wheels. Although limited in their maximum speed by the lack of any pilot truck, their size was the maximum permitted by the loading gauge and their axle loading specifications, and so they could achieve a high tractive effort. On some lines this was put to use for accelerating suburban passenger services, in competition with the new electric railways. Other railways required heavy shunters, to cope with the increasing weight of freight trains. These were particularly needed for the new technology of hump shunting. Although the tank engine layout restricted the coal and water capacity that could be provided (their large boilers left little space for side tanks), all of these uses were relatively short ranged, and so the engines did not require long endurance.

Hughes' locomotives

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In 1908, Hughes produced a locomotive of this type for the Lancashire and Yorkshire. These tank engines were based on the previous Aspinall Class 30 0-8-0 tender engines, although their similarities have often been over-emphasised.[1] Their coupled wheelbase was extended by two feet to 24 feet 6 inches (7.47 m), requiring the two centre drivers to be flangeless, with widened tyre treads, to allow them to negotiate a tight radius curve within a marshalling yard.[3][4] This was more successful than similar flangeless drivers had been with Hoy's Class 26 2-6-2Ts, where they had shown a tendency for the centre drivers to drop between the rails if track in a siding wasn't maintained as well as main-line track. The two inside cylinders were 21+12 by 26 inches (546 mm × 660 mm) and were the largest in size of any non-compound engine in the country.[2]

Boiler design

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The type 'L' boiler was again substantially different to any other class. It was 5 feet 9.5 inches in diameter (6 ft 1 in over the outer wrapper), a foot larger than the 'J' boiler of the previous engines. A Belpaire firebox and Ramsbottom safety valves were used. A similar boiler was fitted to Hughes' 1910 large-boilered Class 9, a development of the Class 30. Although this was another feature often described as being in common with the 0-8-0s, they were actually longer than the L boiler. The L boiler was unique to the Class 32, although they were made on the same flanging plates as Hughes' Dreadnought class. This unique boiler would eventually lead to the class' early withdrawal, when the boilers were due for replacement at twenty years old.[1]

Superheating was an innovation at this time and not yet firmly established, mostly owing to difficulties in providing adequate cylinder lubrication. Hughes was an advocate of superheating and used it when rebuilding the 7 ft 3 in Class 4 express 4-4-0s, fitting Schmidt superheaters and piston valves, along with Walschaerts valve gear. Despite this, he recognised that an intermittently worked shunting engine such as the 0-8-2Ts would not allow the superheater elements to reach their optimum working temperature, and so retained a simpler saturated boiler.[1][5]

Other detail fittings included vacuum brakes and oval buffers, to avoid locking of buffer heads when working around tight curves with the engine's long overhang at each end.[1]

Service

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Lancashire & Yorkshire

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All five engines were ordered from Horwich Works in one batch as Lot 59 on 28 November 1907.[3] They were delivered between March and April 1908. They carried the full 'passenger' livery of the L&YR, in black with single red and double white lining.[1]

The original intention had been to employ these engines in the hump shunting yards at Aintree. However, problems with the spring hangers fouling the electric third rail system on the lines from Liverpool to Ormskirk between the engine shed and the sidings led to their withdrawal from this service.[1]

Nos. 1501 and 1502 were then allocated to Accrington for working the 1 in 38 Baxenden bank.[1]

1505 was first allocated to Agecroft for the Manchester Ship Canal sidings at New Barnes junction. Nos. 1503 and 1504 were later allocated here, upon which 1505 joined the other engines at Accrington, as a spare.[1]

The class were nicknamed either Egberts or Little Egberts. This has been described as being after a troupe of circus elephants,[1] although there is no obvious record of such a troupe. Another explanation could be The Egbert Brothers, a music hall double act of this time, known for their routine 'The Happy Dustmen'.[6]

List of locomotives[3]
L&YR Nº Works Nº Service Date Allocation LMS Nº Withdrawn
1501 1004 31 March 1908 Accrington 11800 August 1925
1502 1005 18 March 1908 Accrington 11801 June 1927
1503 1006 27 March 1908 Agecroft 11802 June 1926
1504 1007 10 April 1908 Agecroft 11803 October 1929
1505 1008 27 April 1908 Agecroft, later Accrington 11804 February 1927

LMS

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Despite the urgency for their building, there appears to have been little need for the class in service, especially in their later years. Soon after the Grouping in 1923, LMS policy for weeding out non-standard types made the class superfluous. Their boiler's eventual need for replacement, and their unique design, led to the whole class' withdrawal between 1927 and 1929. All were allocated LMS numbers, but only 1504 was repainted in LMS black livery with its new number of 11803 painted on and losing its original cast numberplate.[1]

References

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  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Marshall, John (Summer 2004). "The Little Egberts". Platform: The Journal of the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway Society (58): 4–11.
  2. ^ a b c d e Ahrons & British Steam Railway Locomotive, pp. 348–349
  3. ^ a b c d Marshall, John (1972). The Lancashire & Yorkshire Railway. Vol. 3: Locomotives and Rolling Stock. Newton Abbott: David & Charles. pp. 155, 178–180, 265. ISBN 0-7153-5320-9.
  4. ^ Ahrons, E.L. (1966). The British Steam Railway Locomotive. Vol. I, to 1925. Ian Allan. pp. 349–350.
  5. ^ Ahrons, E.L. (1952). Locomotive and Train Working in the Latter Part of the Nineteenth Century. Vol. 2. Heffer. pp. 48–49.
  6. ^ Cooke, George (artist) (November 1905). "Caricature: The Egbert Brothers". Victoria & Albert Museum.